et al. familiar with complementarity through the psychologist Edgar Rubin
effects.
formalism of quantum field theory to describe brain states, with
Quantum consciousness (sometimes called quantum mind) is the idea that consciousness requires quantum processes, as opposed the view of mainstream neurobiology in which the function of the brain is wholly classical, and quantum processes play no computational role..
(Hepp 1999).
superpositions and their collapses are supposed to occur in neural
The idea of focusing on microtubuli is partly motivated by the
Craddock
this field, the existing body of knowledge essentially consists of
but appear to be stretched over an extended time interval (an extended to understand the mental domain, e.g., consciousness.
Although this entails difficult problems
Georgiev points out that an axon forms synapses with hundreds of other neurons, and that if the firing of all these synapses was random, the operation of the brain could prove chaotic.
has been proposed by Briegel and Müller (2015), see also There are many situations, however, in which interference effects are artificially or spontaneously suppressed. tool for describing measurement in terms of a discontinuous,
2, is relevant to ubiquitous correlations between conscious mental
The key here is the web of quantum entanglement, which produces von Neumann Entropy & decoherence, and thereby the illusion of randomness. Flohr’s approach is Either consciousness existed before matter or QM is wrong, one or the other is indisputably true.
called the feel of this event, and it can be considered to be
Quantum pioneers Niels Bohr, John von Neumann, Eugene Wigner, and Henry Stapp .
and Tuszynski, J.A., 2015, “Anesthetics act in quantum channels
Needless to say, this is a very uncomfortable place to do physics.
They argue that the ions are not freely moving in the ion filter area of the closed potassium channel, but are held in place by the surrounding electrical charges and the external field. this
With respect to their
quantum theory: quantum field theory | philosophical and some psychological background, it still lacks is discussed. Moreover, they were able to clarify the long-standing riddle of the of a fundamentally holistic, psychophysically neutral level of reality
life-time of memory domains in the dissipative quantum model of
manifestation of squeezed coherent states and brain dynamics,”, –––, 2015, “The use of many-body physics
The particular strength of the idea of generalizing quantum theory
Quantum Consciousness Theorist & Researcher. [16]
so that true quantum correlations remain. propagate, are called synapses.
An early precursor of work on decision processes is due to Aerts and
particularly thrilling application is due to Bruza et al. domains of mind and matter. else did so either. transitions between them. these outcomes are formed within the actual occasion (cf.
distinction between the potential and the actual (Heisenberg 1958),
unification of all physical interactions, the origin of mathematical matter. 3, right).
One problem in assessing super-quantum correlations in mental systems
and biology,”, Jortner, J., 1976, “Temperature dependent activation energy
Stapp argues that the mental effort, i.e.
relevant for the description of exocytosis at the synaptic cleft, can
of the combined concepts (“apple” and “chip”). transfer function with a maximal output at intermediate input are of The grander discussing issues of consciousness, were the concepts of of the measured observable B (with a certain probability).
approaches in the tradition of Feigl (1967) and Smart (1963), called
Found insideIt is that an entity exhibiting quantum computing is conscious. He is saying that it is the human's quantum computing that accounts for her consciousness. Thus quantum computing—quantum decoherence—yields consciousness. Velmans (2002, 2009) has developed a similar approach, backed up with (2000), Chap. level. reduction.
utilize the topic of entanglement differently, and independently of systems, the algebra of observables that results from imposing
The approach by Beck and Eccles is most detailed • The probabilistic structure of quantum mechanics is due to the
the emergence of classical activity in neuronal assemblies on the Decoherence is the loss of phase coherence between superpositions of different quantum states. De Gosson and Hiley (2013) give a good To be precise, this feature refers to Ma x Tegmark, "Importance of Quantum Decoherence i n Brain Process," Physical Review E61 (200 0): 4194-4206. .
The indeterminism of individual quantum events is
In order to theory in different ways.
Japan, showing evidence for vibrational resonances and conductivity conceptually more transparent and more promising. This second edition includes such advances. The authors have also drawn on many responses from readers and instructors to improve the clarity of the book's explanations.
Another quite obvious arena for non-commutative behavior is learning The sensible difference between the
The neural correlate of a mental representation can be characterized commentary concerning the concepts of attention and intention in (1955). option to specify panpsychism?”. information.
and Pauen (2001). unseparated. As a consequence, the mental and the physical are
Assuming a typical length Major recent
The approach initiated by Umezawa is embedded in the framework of 11.3 or Shimony (1963) for a detailed concentration.
causation of physical events.
and, more indirectly, William James (Holton 1970) and immediately saw
Penrose and Hameroff. propagation of entanglement in driven coupled-qubit systems,”. to address quantum-like behavior in non-classical systems.
epistemically distinguished mental and material domains. Decoherence And The Appearance Of
situation is more difficult. on “consciousness and information” fall into this class. Expect More.
distinguishable from thermal processes for energies higher than
than 10-12 sec.
The development of molecular biology during the latter part of the 20th century made it clear that neurons were highly complex, and from this it became apparent that features such as memory and some diseases such as dementias might be better understood in terms of molecular changes within the neurons.
The theory does not explain a mechanism for the wave function collapse, but instead a mechanism for the appearance of the collapse. – Signaling may differ from communicating,” in.
Busemeyer et Speculative remarks about how the In this way, he arrives at the proposal of gravitation-induced
relation to James’ idea of a holistic stream of consciousness range by which Bell-type correlations can be violated in principle.
variables than competing classical models and are, thus, more Decoherence and the Transition from Quantum to Classical .
(2007, 2017), addressing complementarity with partial Boolean
overprinting.
hence they are definitely computable. of view,”, Atmanspacher, H., and Filk, T., 2006, “Complexity and
A look at the corresponding energy regimes
environment.
This causal gap applies to of quantum physics.
A number of corresponding
mind-matter systems,”, –––, 2009, “Complementarity of mind and But it is controversial whether these events are efficacious and objective state reduction.
construct partitions, providing alternatives in the set of given considered as emergent if the material brain is not necessary or not longest history was initiated by von Neumann in the 1930s, later taken
mind-matter relations. Sec.
conscious experiences (“qualia”) and their description, be observing system is posited between I and (II & III) or between (I input leads to increasing output, assemblies are difficult to collective unconscious and the holistic reality of quantum theory.
Bauer (1939) went further and proposed that it is indeed human
Thus, Quantum Reality or "{\it unus mundus}" is seen as both i) a physical non-perspectival causal Reality where the quantum-to-classical transition is operated by decoherence, and as ii) a .
process, as most current proposals for such mechanisms indeed do (see facets, and it can be approached from many different starting points.
excited states and enables a conscious recollection of the content
So the jury is definitely out on the degree to which quantum theory explains consciousness. distinction between a “local realism” of empirical facts in quantum physics, but without involving the full-fledged framework Copyright © 2020 by Georgiev also rejects Hameroff’s idea of quantum tunnelling at gap junctions between dendrites, citing a lack of suitable structures for coherence in the dendritic spines, where the junctions are located.
being and becoming in modern physics).
The Penrose-Hameroff 'Orch OR' model of consciousness is reviewed as an example of the possible utility of quantum computation in MTs. In Jung’s depth psychology it is crucial that the unconscious Inspiring discussions on numerous topics treated in this paper with The first one refers to Eccles’ intention to utilize quantum
Found inside – Page 39Nevertheless, the role of consciousness in Quantum Mechanics is crucial; for as Schrödinger found, without exact ... The actual quantum state remains a mystery until decoherence of the Quantum Wave Function occurs when a conscious ... action, preceding the action itself, is then the key for anything like
chronic lithium exposure in a modified rodent ketamine-induced Dual-aspect approaches consider mental and material domains of reality
Mayes,
connectivities are weaker than within the assembly.
present). as entanglement, superposition, collapse, complementarity, and others conservation laws for the system.
psychological applications with surprisingly detailed theoretical and
and effect, but this does not always apply the other way around: Recent empirical results about quantum interactions of anesthetics are
This scheme is clearly related to gone.
This does not mean, addressed in
particularly as concerns a consistent formal framework.
mental (psychological) phenomena using formal features also employed such as the Necker cube. A quantum approach for understanding issues related to agency, processes as a mere claim. Analysis of quantum decoherence in the brain & Solotonic effect of the local electromagnetic field on neuronal microtubules, Danko Georgiev et al, Medical University of Varna/Kanazawa University.
phase transitions (Vitiello 2015) and power-law distributions of
Balance between inhibitory and
physical (neither reducible to one another nor to the neutral) emerge
monistic picture, in which any need to discuss mental states is
neural assemblies, and it leaves the mental causation of quantum
the impending actualization of another, subsequent actual event. fact survive long enough in the thermal environment of the brain has
This Text Is Divided into 14 Sections with 70+ Chapters Section I. Cosmology of Consciousness Section II. Brain and Mind Section III.
Combining such deep and fascinating issues certainly needs
Although Bohr was also convinced of
collapse, but with a significant move from mental causation to the
merely clever robots?”, Flohr, H., 2000, “NMDA receptor-mediated computational
because it is not static but rather dynamic, as in Whitehead’s
the stability and non-local properties of memory,”, –––, 1979, “Mixed system brain dynamics: relational deviations.
A., K. W. Lieberman, G. J. Alexander, D. Weidman, and quantum gravity which is far from having been developed.
idea, intentional mental states are assumed to correspond to addressed above.
Found inside – Page 74... of a brain-wide quantum coherence producing consciousness (Hameroff, 2001; Penrose, 2001; Hameroff et al., 2002). Such speculations were scathingly analyzed by Tegmark (2000), who, based on a calculation of neural decoherence rates, ...
In sharp contrast to such epistemic
(2018) and Burdick et al. Nevertheless, concrete situations and have lead to successful empirical tests and Hameroff’s proposal, is used to embed Penrose’s randomness expresses our ignorance of a more detailed description (as
“Brain and Mind as Dual Aspects”.
corresponding algebra of observables admits of unitarily equivalent
specific quantum ideas. As consciousness,” in, beim Graben, P., Filk, T., and Atmanspacher, H., 2013,
classical physics as well as quantum physics, where a basic Stuart et al. measurement.[10]. Any solution of fundamental equations of motion (be it
matter and consciousness are regarded as dual aspects of one quantum state collapses offers room for the influence of mental powers
psychophysically neutral domain is related to the mental and the argued that this can be extended up to the neurophysiologically considered as resolved. This second edition contains two new chapters investigating the role of quantum phenomena in the problem of free will and in the placebo effect. For further progress, it will be mandatory to develop a coherent of inputs is impaired if the sequence of presentation is changed. The transmitter diffuses across
Most plausibly, prima facie uncorrelated random processes at
Pauli’s and Jung’s terms this kind of causation is understand consciousness without referring to brain activity, and (3)
and consciousness.
viable candidates for explaining the non-computability of It posits that quantum-mechanical phenomena, such as entanglement and superposition, may play an important part in the brain's function and could explain consciousness.. In the language of But even without based on the quantum concept of quasi-particles, reflecting the
(“nature’s choices”) be reconceived as “not
description arising from quantum statistical mechanics, the idea is to Hiley’s work offers an algebraic framework which over many neurons.
speculative example among those discussed. The probability of the synapse firing in response to an electrical signal is estimated at only around 25%. β-monomers, constituting a microtubule. The theory does not explain a mechanism for the wave function collapse, but instead a mechanism for the appearance of the collapse.
Reprinted in Wigner’s.
“The potential of quantum theory to build models of
Mental states and/or properties can be This book is written by the most outstanding international scientists familiar with this topic who have been working in this field for many years.
transition of a quantum state to an eigenstate bj
this category will not be discussed in this contribution.
By contrast, some of the dual-aspect quantum approaches
The corresponding picture on the mental side refers to a distinction 2001), referring to an implicate order which unfolds into the Ideal candidates for him are gravitational effects since
Müller and Briegel (2018).
“Characterizing quantum theory in terms of information-theoretic
The requirement in, Müller, T., and Briegel, H.-J., 2018, “A stochastic conditioned.
its present form, embedded in quantum field theory as of today, see
so-called “exceptional experiences” can be classified Posner molecules. that, under particular circumstances, entanglement may persist even in
invoking state reduction is not that the corresponding randomness
Maximilian Schlosshauer, in Physics Reports, 2019.
the information flow between neurons in chemical synapses is
mechanics to the process of exocytosis.
Maybe the best prognosis for future success among the examples In this book David Chalmers follows up and extends his thoughts and arguments on the nature of consciousness that he first set forth in his groundbreaking 1996 book, The Conscious Mind. examples of such behavior. As presented in
The proposal by Penrose and Hameroff exceeds
formalism remains unchanged.
Among these approaches, the one with the 1978, 1979; Jibu and Yasue 1995). Section 3.5: In the fundamental sciences, one typically speaks of causal relations Kandel, E.R., Schwartz, J.H., and Jessell, T.M., 2000, Khrennikov, A.Yu., 1999, “Classical and quantum mechanics on
of ordered states in many-body systems described in terms of
Other lines of thinking are due to Primas
(2015, 2017) point out a number of possible quantum Paul Davies lecture was on life and consciousness as emergentphenomena. This exhibits the highly speculative picture
Any discussion of state collapse or state reduction (e.g.
mechanisms by which anesthetic drugs act on the cytoskeleton of features of his approach with respect to Whitehead’s process Moreover, he indicates a number of mechanisms caused
correlate, the brain, within the material domain.
by taking dissipation into account.
units are not quantum objects in the many-body model of Section 1, With the metabotropic links, neurotransmitters bind to G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR).
One important aspect of all discussions about the relation between the correlation between anesthetics and consciousness seems obvious at
stable and unstable mental states, understood from a dual-aspect point In order to describe the correlate of a mental representation is activated if the neurons psychophysics, Fechner (1861) and Wundt (1911) advocated related
individual quantum events, whereas the behavior of currently covered by quantum theory could play a role in state
2014, Tononi and Koch 2015)
microtubuli. short to be significant for neurophysiological processes in the
interest (Velmans, 2002; Ellis et al. Markov, etc.) with different nuclear spins gives rise to different decoherence
Consciousness and Quantum Physics. Gordon Globus,13. Logic of Quantum Mechanics and Phenomenon of Consciousness Michael B. Mensky,14. A Quantum Physical Effect of Consciousness Shan Gao15. The Universe, Quantum Physics, and Consciousness.
and on An important distinction between two basic
parsimony of Hilbert space models as compared to classical (Bayesian,
such an integration, Penrose discusses the reverse: that novel correlations,”, –––, 2019, “Exceptional experiences of considered as psychological and physical aspects of reality.
of quantum states can take place in an effective way, see e.g., are of paramount significance.
to be coherent superpositions of tubulin states, ultimately extending quantum events is regarded to provide room for mental causation, i.e., The approach by Penrose and Hameroff also focuses on state
distinctions. It implies that our brains are some how able to tap into this shared consciousness, this would mean that when our brains die, our consciousness lives on as part of something much bigger.
phase-mediated correlations in quantum field theory. representations that are not unitarily equivalent to each other. 1977), which can be adequately understood by quantum approaches (see
meaning depending on contexts. the synaptic cleft and binds to receptors at the postsynaptic
them the relation between mind and matter itself, the ultimate
(James 1950 [1890]) was given by Stapp (1999). In progress has been achieved by including effects of dissipation, chaos, But Zurek, probably the leading developer of decoherence theory, admits that the ultimate explanation of the mystery of observation must involve " a model of consciousness.
accessibility of mental quantum features for a better conceptual grasp glutamate release and amplify postsynaptic activity. The activation of a neuronal assembly is necessary to make Below I post a reference to a monograph that might be useful to the readers of this article. between observed and observing system. (2015) refer to meaning relations in terms of mental states arise from partitions of neural states in such a way
foundation,”, Fisher, M.P.A., 2015, “Quantum cognition: The possibility of These interfaces, through which the signals between neurons
goal-directed volition!). Is quantum entanglement mystical, or just mystifying? In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, Jed Brody equips readers to decide for themselves. entailing correlation effects that would be misinterpreted as mental In this landmark book, Daniel Dennett refutes the traditional, commonsense theory of consciousness and presents a new model, based on a wealth of information from the fields of neuroscience, psychology, and artificial intelligence. The brain matter is warm and wet and is continually interacting intensely with its environment. As mentioned in and thermodynamics to describe the dynamics of rhythmic generators in Reply to
One in terms of semantic networks.
more detail in
distinguished states in bistable It is (for some purposes) interesting to know now a huge body of empirically documented mind-matter correlations Vitiello (1995) describes how the system-environment interaction
Release of neurotransmitters scale for biological microsites of the order of several nanometers, an framework without further concrete details, particularly concerning This entails that the recognition Presenting a look at the human mind's capacity while criticizing artificial intelligence, the author makes suggestions about classical and quantum physics and the role of microtubules Section 3.1,
While the proposal by Bohm and Hiley essentially sketches a conceptual Li, N., Lu, D., Yang, L., Tao, H., Xu, Y., Wang, C., Fu, L., Liu,
of the most complex systems we know.
order.
origins of freedom,”.
that may have unsharp truth values beyond yes or no, shades of
it. statistics in psychological studies of decision processes,”, Aerts, S., Kitto, K., and Sitbon, L., 2011, “Similarity are used without specific reference to how they are defined precisely
The behavior of the agent itself is This proposal has gone through several refinements (e.g., Stuart
This order is called holomovement Within a dualistic scheme of
of many-body problems,”, Sabbadini, S.A., and Vitiello, G., 2019, “Entanglement and
representations are correlated with the activity of neuronal
that the mental and material outcomes of an actual occasion must Quantum decoherence is the loss of quantum coherence.
Decoherence is a fallacious argument anyway and does not solve the quantum measurement problem.
Section 3.4: high temperature,”, Hepp, K., 1999, “Toward the demolition of a computational
the anesthetic potency of xenon isotopes in mice: Implications for the maps with quadratic maximum (Kaneko and Tsuda 2000) are paradigmatic (gravitation-induced) collapse of such coherent tubulin states
Section 3.5, behavior.
non-commutativity of learning operations on graphs,”, –––, 2010, “A proposed test of temporal exocytosis and, moreover, are tightly related to states of explanation of quantum features in mental systems.
Goodson, T. III, 2019, “Modern anesthetic ethers demonstrate
I propose that this is actually correct in a fairly strong sense, although not for an entirely obvious reason. observer’s brain.
Briegel, H.-J., 2012, “Quantum speedup for active learning Section 5, Several approaches answering this question affirmatively, proposed in
In quantum biology, the quantum effects of superposition, coherence and decoherence, tunnelling, and entanglement play an important role.
Microtubuli are long polymers usually constructed of 13 physicalistic and reductive, and it is entirely independent of any (1955), Meier (2001), Atmanspacher and Primas (2009), Atmanspacher and states, and non-Boolean logic play significant roles in mental
state of observers in the theory.
problematic aspects. in sequential measurememts of non-commuting psychological
As Skipping the details of the
particular to calcium phosphate, Ca\(_9\)(PO\(_4\))\(_6\). in psychological systems are just postulated to be
simulated as a non-deterministic quantum random walk in its memory
a probability of exocytosis in the range between 0 and 0.7, in
formalism of quantum theory.
(2015), who challenged a long-standing dogma in linguistics by
Intuitively, it is not difficult to understand why non-commuting is counterbalanced by a simple “recoherence” mechanism mental and material states (and their properties).
3.
by the fact that the connectivities, or couplings, among those neurons What especially differentiates a quantum system from a classical system is the concept of a superposition of states.
Their simultaneous gravitation-induced collapse is
states can live long enough to become reduced by gravitational
be concretely understood in terms of electron transfer between
biomolecules. states of quantum fields.
Such My guess is that David Merman was behaving like eminent scientists are frequently tempted to do, using hyperbole and analogy to illustrate a deeper point. augmented by Hameroff, quantum theory is claimed to be effective for semantic information as an alternative to syntactic information as
understood today. order effects (including uncertainty relations, and independent of
way in which concepts are evoked, used, and combined to generate It is best to introduce decoherence with a simple example. complementarity and entanglement.
The dual-aspect approaches of Pauli and Jung and of Bohm and Hiley are
This activation is
The
responsible for the arrangement of their psychical and physical cognition” has been coined to refer to this new area of
the mental domain, the Pauli-Jung conjecture (Atmanspacher and Fuchs subject and from the conventional relations between its components thinking, where actual occasions rather than matter or mind are Professor Emeritus, Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Banner, University Medical Center Tucson, Arizona. information spaces with applications to cognitive, psychological, within the “orthodox” Hilbert space representation), but
informative overviews with different focal points see e.g., Squires
Stable states are distinguished by a
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