Various Method of Glucose Estimation , Gtt and Principal ... Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. Biological Interactions with Surface Charge in Biomaterials - Page 69 disadvantage is it inactivates enzymes and glucose tests use double enzymatic methods.
is the best method for blood glucose concentration because of its specificity. The coefficients of variation for imprecision were 2.41% to 2.99% and 3.78% to 5.52% for the end point and kinetic methods, respectively. Found inside – Page 45-469Three methodologies are proposed as reference methods , each of which has certain advantages and disadvantages . Two of these ( ortho - toluidine and glucose oxidase ) have the advantage of having been used by laboratory scientists for ... This type of enzyme can be found in the process of making yogurt or dried products. Our study, provides some insight into the popularity of these end point, cholesterol assays. . By utilising other compounds with similar chemical groups, it was found possibleto identify the group in the tolazamide molecule that caused interference and consequently to predict the effects of other compounds on such blood glucose methods. Methods Clin. glucose oxidase and hexokinase etc.) These applications prompted various laboratories worldwide to isolate this flavooxidase from different sources and to improve its properties by protein engineering, further increasing our knowledge on its structure-function relationships. Therefore, they can be combined with other materials to form composite nanomaterials with superior performance, which . Glucose oxidase is a subset of oxidoreductase enzymes that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from an oxidant to a reductant. A commonly used method to control glucose levels in institutional settings is sliding-scale insulin therapy, which is the administration of rapid-acting insulin 30 minutes before meals, based on the patient's pre-meal glucose reading. concentrations of sodium arsenate additive. Continuous coupled assay. Both methods employ a single premixed solution to perform the reaction, which may be purchased in kit form. Freshly distilled o-toluidine is, of course, eminently suitable. Also, this esterase was least affected by interfering substances and showed longer stability than that of C. cylindracea and bovine pancreas. apolipoproteins. The test can be performed directly with blood serum or plasma. Total serum cholesterol in exposed cattle was significantly lower when compared to controls at 13 wpi. In the method for quantitatively determining glucose in the biological fluids of humans using a diagnostic composition containing o-toluidine, the improvement which comprises incorporating an arsenic compound selected from the group consisting of sodium orthoarsenate (Na ASO 12H O) sodium mono-H-orthoarsenate (Na HAsO -7H O), sodium mono-H-orthoarsenate (NaHAsO -12H O), sodium di-H-orthoarsenate (NaH AsO -H O), sodium metaarsenate (NaAsO sodium arsenite (NaAsO arsenic trioxide (As O arsenolite (AS406), claudetite (As O arsenic pentoxide (As O and sodium thioarsenate (Na AsS 2. Additionally, the evaluation of cholesterol in serum samples is widely relevant in clinical diagnosis, since higher values of cholesterol in human blood are actually an important risk factor for cardiovascular problems. Using the Mega analyzer, we studied assay optimization, linearity, precision, recovery, interference, stability, and compared 110 patient samples. Glucose urine strips however, impose many disadvantages on its calculation of glucose. determination of total serum cholesterol. It measures Beta-D-Glucose. quinoneimine dye after the oxidation of cholesterol. of potassium ferrocyanide to the cholesterol reagent may suc-, cessfully eliminate bilirubin interference with the enzymatic, Most enzymatic methods for cholesterol determination, tion of glucose (Dade Behring), urea (Dade Behring), and, cholesterol assays still use the end point method. [20.69 mmol/L]) and the Mega (700 mg/dL [18.10 mmol/L]). The method is based on the changes in the fluorescence of the solution during the enzymatic reaction (λexe = 498 nm and λem = 519 nm). Here, we describe the assembly and individual functions of the device and report its performance characteristics. The availability of assays that allow rapid analysis of E3 ligase activity is paramount to both biochemical studies and drug discovery efforts aimed at E3 ligases.
An approach of non-commutanility correction was also presented to allow trueness assessment with non-commutable samples. Fresh opened o-toluidine from Eastman Chemical Company (12.5 ml., 6.25% w./v.)
Implementation of Cellulomonas cholesterol oxidase for total serum cholesterol determination by the endpoint method, Porcine Pancreas: A Superior Source of Cholesterol Esterase for Total Serum Cholesterol Assay by the Enzymatic Kinetic Method, Sheep and cattle exposed to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis exhibit altered total serum cholesterol profiles during the early stages of infection, O mecanismo do desempenho de poli-2-mercaptobenzimidazol na detecção eletroquímica de colesterol e as suas representações eletroquímica e matemática, Comprehensive Ubiquitin E2 Profiling of Ten Ubiquitin E3 Ligases, Analysis of Ubiquitin E3 Ligase Activity using selective polyubiquitin binding proteins, Cholesterol oxidase: Biotechnological applications, Development of reference methods for lipid profile biomarqueurs : application to quality controle in clinical chemistry, Analytical performance, reference values and decision limits. Optimization of four enzymes and effect of sodium cholate concentration were performed. 252-408, Method for determining glucose with o-toluidine reagent containing an arsenic compound. point-of-care setting, kinetic methods would be preferred. It has been found that the incorporation of an oxide of arsenic in the o-toluidine reagent solution increases the sensitivity of the test reagent and increases the stability of the final test color in the assay procedure. 5.
Found inside – Page 53Describe the principle of the glucose oxidase method of reagent strip testing for glucose, ... Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of performing an Ictotest for detection of urine bilirubin. Continued on following page 24 State two ...
1D, Y = 0.98x + 3.28, R 2 = 0.95, p < 0.001), which suggests that the telemetry . The colorimeter is a light-sensitive instrument used to determine the absorption and transmittance of light passing through a sample solution. Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages. The Kjeldahl method is widely used internationally and is still the standard method for comparison against all other methods. Cl. This work confirmed that this µSIA-LOV system is a simple, rapid, versatile, and robust analytical tool for the automatic implementation of enzymatic reactions performed by cholesterol esterase, cholesterol oxidase, and peroxidase.
blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving blood sugars, e.g. The device meters the sample, separates plasma from erythrocytes, and precisely times plasma flow into various reagent compartments, including a quality-assurance chamber.
US3792044A US3792044DA US3792044A US 3792044 A US3792044 A US 3792044A US 3792044D A US3792044D A US 3792044DA US 3792044 A US3792044 A US 3792044A Authority US United States Prior art keywords glucose toluidine sodium test reagent Prior art date 1971-12-01 Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. method has a different working principle and its own advantages and disadvantages. is added dropwise to the stirred acetic acid solution. Cholesterol values are giv, . Procedures for the detection. The chemicals used in the color reaction with peroxidase are readily available, the solutions are stable and can be prepared by the user, the method is highly specific and largely free of interferences, the sensitivity can be adjusted by the user to cover a wide range of . The kinetic method on the, Dimension RxL differed from the other analyzers (T, Figure 3); its mean analytic error was lo, tematic error requirement. The most widely used method for estimation of plasma glucose is that adopted by Trinder's using glucose oxidase-peroxidase (GOD-POD) system. However, the kinetic method shows less interference and shorter analysis time. General Dry-off Procedure At dry-off, involution (the state of the mammary gland that changes from lactating to non-lactating) is initiated by a sudden cessation of milk removal. galactose, GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS, TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC, TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION, Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing, Heterocyclic carbon compound [i.e., O, S, N, Se, Te, as only ring hetero atom], University Of Medicine And Dentistry Of New Jersey, WARNER-LAMBERT COMPANY, 201 TABOR RD., MORRIS PLAI, ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. The kinetic cholesterol assay w, hemoglobin interference, which suggests the kinetic method, may be superior to the end point method in small analyzers, hemolysis is greater owing to skin puncture and/or undiluted, end point method. Found inside – Page 1992-62It is crucial for both provider and patient to learn about glucose testing methods , their advantages and disadvantages , and their appropriate positions in the overall treatment scheme . Product Manufacturer Use Urine - Glucose Test ... and lower reagent costs than the kinetic ones. • It's obtained by lumbar puncture, L 3-L 4 • In CSF, Glucose is estimation by GOD -POD method. sensitivity increase levels off in the region of 0.5% w./v. Its analytical performance is equivalent to Streptomyces enzymes and meets the analytical goals. cholesterol oxidase used in serum cholesterol assay, four sources of cholesterol oxidase for serum cholesterol. It yields precise and accurate results and is insensitive to potential interferences. cholesterol and high- and low-density lipoprotein. Clinical Chemistry 1 (MDT 2116L) ENZYMA TIC METHODS. Found inside – Page 191Most commercial strips are based on glucose oxidase reaction [3] and use a color chart with which the test strip color ... The disadvantages of this method are sources of error in improper application, changes in hematocrit and possible ... ranged from 97.3% to 102.1% and 95.7% to 103.4% for the, kinetic and end point determinations, respectiv, with the reference end point method by least-square linear, close to the identity line with correlation coeff, implemented assays, the results from the same patient serum, samples were compared separately with the Dimension RxL, and the Dimension RxL method plotted vs the Dimension, reported mean biases of 8.25 mg/dL, 3.95, and –1.75 mg/dL, Selectra, Mega, and Dimension RxL, respecti, point method reported mean biases of 0.89, –1.24, and 3.58, mg/dL (0.02, –0.03, and 0.09 mmol/L, respectiv, methods showed a constant slope compared with the commer-, ferences (mean bias ± 2 SD) were 9.0 mg/dL (0.23 mmol/L), and –9.7 to 25.9 mg/dL (–0.25 to 0.67 mmol/L), 11.1 mg/dL, (0.29 mmol/L) and –18.1 to 26.3 mg/dL (–0.47 to 0.68, mmol/L), and 7.2 mg/dL (0.19 mmol/L) and –16.2 to 12.7, mg/dL (–0.42 to 0.33 mmol/L) for the kinetic method by, the end point method, they were 7.0 mg/dL (0.18 mmol/L), and –13.1 to 14.7 mg/dL (–0.34 to 0.38 mmol/L), 7.3 mg/dL, (0.19 mmol/L) and –15.8 to 14.7 mg/dL (–0.41 to 0.38, mmol/L), and 5.4 mg/dL (0.14 mmol/L) and –7.3 to 14.3, Analytic Error of the Implemented Methods, lesterol assay at the clinical decision cut points of serum cho-, lesterol concentrations (200 and 240 mg/dL [5.17 and 6.21, . Mix sample and reagent thoroughly, preferably with a vortex mixer. percent). Describe the principle of the glucose oxidase method of reagent strip testing for glucose, and name possible causes of interference with this method . More frequent calibration, The kinetic method on the Dimension RxL demonstrated, than for the Dimension RxL. Found inside – Page 69Outline the advantages and disadvantages for each of the two methods for testing urine glucose levels — the copper sulfate reduction method and glucose oxidase method . 2. Discuss the use of ketone testing for patients with Type 1 ... On addition of the competitive inhibitor 3,4-dichlorophenol the Michaelis constant of cholesterol oxidase is apparently increased, which extends the linear relation between absorbance change and cholesterol concentration to 20.7 to 25.9 mmol/L, depending on the analyzer being used. insensitivity to minor changes in reaction conditions. There was a similar elevation in serum cholesterol at 9 wpi in cattle with histopathological gut lesions associated with disease or those with an early high IFN-γ response. Found inside – Page 150Each has advantages and disadvantages, and each measures different glycated hemoglobin components. ... The most commonly used methods are enzymatic using glucose oxidase, which is specific for glucose (Clark & Lyons, 1962; Guilbault, ... Open label study listen oh pen lay bel stuh dee a type of study in which both the health providers and the patients are aware of the drug or treatment . ic method (1,000 U/L). Enzymatic methods for food analysis are highly specific and offer considerable time and cost savings over other methods, especially from the sample preparation standpoint. Whole-blood test for total cholesterol by a self-metering, self-timing disposable device with built-... Enzymatic Reactions in a Lab-on-Valve System: Cholesterol Evaluations. Because the analytic concen-, trations of calibrators often include specific biases, intro-, The between-run precision results obtained from the end, conditions, whereas the kinetic method requires strict equi, lence of enzyme activity in each reaction mixture and tightly. Uses glucose oxidase plus peroxidase to produce colour: 4. End point methods hav. and end point assays for serum cholesterol determination. Found inside – Page 69Proteins such as myoglobin, cytochrome c and glucose oxidase have been immobilized using this method.32–34 Covalent ... Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages and these are summarized in Table 5.1. of distilled water instead of sample, and prepare a glucose standard using 0.05 ml. For the determination of glucose in blood, the Folin- Wu and Nelson-Somogyi test methods can be applied only to protein-free filtrates of blood serum or plasma. additive, and finally attains a value of 120% increase at saturated levels of sodium arsenate (35% w./v.). Here, a gold nanoparticle (AuNP)‐based mimic enzyme with significantly enhanced glucose selectivity and catalytic activity is constructed and demonstrated for the first time. Methods of bacterial ID" Phenotypic Detects the physical properties of bacteria Influenced by gene expression . Orthotoludine method 3. For this review, we defined interference as "the effect of a substance present in the sample that alters the correct value of the result, usually expressed as concentration or activity, for an analyte." Cholesterol oxidase has been used in biocatalysis for the production of a number of steroids, as an insecticidal protein against boll weevil larvae and, in particular, as a diagnostic enzyme for determining serum levels of cholesterol. Found inside – Page 873... alkaline phosphatase, βgalactosidase, glucose oxidase, urease, and catalase. The most widely used enzymes and their characteristics are listed in Table 44-5. Assay sensitivity using enzymes may be determined by the turnover rate of ... We constructed the user-defined endpoint methods on three automated analyzers. Results were, considered statistically significant when, obtained from the kinetic and the end point assays on the, the reportable range for the kinetic assays using Dimension, upper end linearity of the Dimension RxL (900 mg/dL [23.27. b) disadvantages of this method. It has been shown 1 that tolazamide interferes seriously with the Boehringer GOD-PERID blood glucose method. The value of RT-CGM for people […] This test method is based on the formation of a colored complex of glucose and o-toluidine in glacial acetic acid. Differing glucose concentrations of plasma, red cells and whole-blood specimens when glucose molality of all samples is the same at 5 mmol/kg H 2 O.. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Open Access Results of an open label trial in outpatients with depression in a naturalistic setting in germany. The total error of the kinetic methods e, ed the NCEP requirements. Urine-based testing can be challenged if the collection standards are not followed.
The advantages of continuous glucose monitoring. Cholesterol concentrations: low (L), 103 mg/dL (2.66 mmol/L; middle (M), 190 mg/dL (4.91 mmol/L); high (H), 355 mg/dL (9.18, mmol/L). Blood samples were collected from both sheep and cattle prior to experimental challenge with MAP and at monthly intervals post-challenge. Finally, substrate ubiquitylation was assayed for the E3 ligase MuRF1 using various E2/MuRF1 pairs. Assoc. Pathogenic mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis are capable of utilising cholesterol as a primary carbon-based energy source in vitro but there has been little research examining the significance of cholesterol in vivo. (absorbance, >1.167 at 670 nm) and 2+ (absorbance, terol values with the kinetic method on the Me. It is also a useful alternative methodology for the routine determinations of cholesterol in real samples, even when compared with other automatic methodologies. DF 27, Dade, Behring) as the reference comparison method. Found inside – Page 13Advantages with Microdialysis • Microdialysis methods prevent many of the other substances present in the ISF from ... This transdermally extracted glucose is then measured by a standard amperometric technique involving glucose oxidase. United States Patent US. Open label study advantages and disadvantages. Considering these reactions, the developed methodology was also used for the evaluation of cholesterol in human serum samples, showing reliable and accurate results. The Trinder method is used to determine glucose concentration only, (Lott et al, 1975). Even though bilirubin at high concentrations sho. Reliable measurements in medical biology are essential for early screening and appropriate follow-up of patients. (4) Place the test tubes in a boiling water bath for exactly 10 minutes. The o-toluidine test is a simple, rapid, reliable and economical method for glucose determination. We investigated the properties of cholesterol esterase derived from Pseudomonas fluorescens, Candida cylindracea, bovine pancreas, and porcine pancreas for cholesterol determination in human serum. Other disadvantages include the limited stability of the test reagents, the instability of the final test color, and critical factors in the test procedure involving temperature, heating time and alkalinity of reaction mixture. matic assay is specific, does not require corrosi, and is easily adapted for automation. Found inside – Page 862Assay sensitivity using enzymes may be determined by the turnover rate of each enzyme and by selection of signal measurement in which ... one or TABLE 44-6 TABLE 44-5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Enzyme Immunoassay A. Advantages 1. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. The use of derivatized cholesterol oxidase makes it possible to simplify the methodology normally used in this type of determination (the indicator reaction is avoided and the number of reagents reduced), with the added advantage that the analytical signal is independent of the concentrations of O2 and cholesterol oxidase. The final test color has good stability. Cellulomonas has been shown to be a good source of cholesterol oxidase in addition to Streptomyces for serum cholesterol determination by the endpoint method, inexpensive in cost, and showing excellent performance. The concentration of this complex, and thus the intensity of the green color developed, is directly proportional to the concentration of glucose present in the reaction mixture, and can be measured photometrically. An analytical method is of value when its specificity, reproducibility, and sensitivity are high and when the expenditure of labor, time, and material are low. reduction of the time of analysis. Trinder's method for glucose has nearly all the attributes of an ideal automated colorimetric glucose oxidase procedure. G. Morley, A. Dawson and V. Marks, Proc. COVID19. Using high enzyme acti, kinetic method may be affected by the addition of a competi-, analyzers. Found inside – Page 60Include method of functioning, typical analytes, and typical detection limits and times. These should be different from your answers to Problem 2. 4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a glucose oxidase-based glucose sensor ... The HNRs containing different fractions of silver were synthesized by a one-step solvothermal method. Advantages and Limitations of the Reagent Strip Method for Specific Gravity. The analytical performances (linearity, precision, recovery, interference, stability, and comparison with the standardized method) of Cellulomonas cholesterol reagents were evaluated and compared to those of Streptomyces reagents. This research focus primarily on the use of glucose oxidase enzymes to quantify glucose in the blood. Since whole blood is used, the results tend to be slightly lower than simultaneous venous samples, but this is balanced by the fact that . The hexokinase method is the reference method for glucose. The results were compared to those obtained by a commercial analyzer, and statistically similar results were obtained. 1460-4744 Subject: boronic acids, coenzymes, concanavalin A, fluorescence, glucose, glucose oxidase, monitoring, optical . Optical methods for sensing glucose Author: Steiner, Mark . As researchers continue to characterize E3 ligases, additional associations with various disease states are being exposed. Importantly, there is no need for protein-free filtrates although the test can be performed with such filtrates. Clinistix: Advantages are the patients can check their blood sugar and keep a record of it, if they are being treated for diabetes, also helps them to know if they get hypoglycemic episodes but the disavantages are that you can get false readings if not used properly, and get false sence of security, and you start to ignore medical advice.You still need to check you aic hemoglobin which tells . Differing glucose concentrations of plasma, red cells and whole-blood specimens when glucose molality of all samples is the same at 5 mmol/kg H 2 O.. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Ubiquitin Drug Discovery and Diagnostics. Note that the decrease in glucose is enhanced in patients with increased leukocyte or platelet counts, even if collected into fluoride oxalate tubes. Realtime continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM), which provides a glucose reading and trend every five minutes for up to seven days, is a valuable diabetes management tool for people with type 1 diabetes who, in their quest for tight glycemic control, are particularly vulnerable to severe and potentially life-threatening hypoglycemia. Poor biocompatibility, the release of acidic breakdown . surements of cholesterol use the enzymatic method. Found inside – Page 292The complete specificity for glucose is an advantage or disadvantage depending upon the purposes for which the test is ... strips saturated with a glucose - oxidase enzyme system and a It is clear that the tape test is more sensitive . Found insideFor example, a widely used biosensor is the blood glucose biosensor that uses the enzyme, glucose oxidase (the biologic ... anunderstanding ofhow these instrumentswork can help thetechnician comprehend theadvantages and disadvantages of ... Bilirubin at concentrations of 200 mg/liter significantly decreased the cholesterol values with Beckman, Calbiochem, and Worthington reagent kits. Comparison of Three Methods for Determination of Glucose Prague Medical Report / Vol. X.R. An automatic methodology was developed based on the µSIA-LOV system in order to evaluate its advantages in the implementation of enzymatic reactions performed by cholesterol esterase, cholesterol oxidase and peroxidase.
The enzymatic kinetic cholesterol biosensor is of increased interest in the development of biosensor devices because the assay offers the advantages such as short turnaround time and low sensitivity to interfering substances. (~400 mg/dL [10.34 mmol/L]) cholesterol concentrations. A Novel AuNP‐Based Glucose Oxidase Mimic with Enhanced ... American Druggist - Volumes 199-200 - Page 69 The stability of glucose oxidase reagent is excellent and refrigeration during the course of analyzer is unnecessary (10).
The use of o-toluidine solutions in glacial acetic acid for the determination of aldosaccharides in serum or plasma is described by Hultman, E., Nature, 183, 108 (1959) and Dubowski, K. M. Clin. Linearity obtained from all enzymes was up to 16.3 mmol/l. the kinetic and the end point cholesterol methods. The developed methodology presented detection and quantification limits of 1.36 and 4.53 mg dL−1 and a linear range up to 40 mg dL−1. Found inside – Page 348See Finite volume method G Homogenization automated image analysis and, 24 of milk, particle sizes ... principle of, 75 Fourier transform near infrared (FT-NIR) technology, advantages and disadvantages of, 76 Fourier transform Raman ... The method is reproducible, and the results correlate well with those obtained by automated Liebermann Burchard procedures and the method of Abell et al. Home Glucose Monitoring. Interference by certain compounds with the glucose oxidase-peroxidase system used in blood glucose estimations appears to be a function of the oxygen affinity of the oxygen acceptor chromogen or the oxidative coupling system. Found inside – Page 272lowered renal threshold for glucose or the presence of lactose ( see Monitoring , below ) . ... Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages which make it acceptable to different groups of patients . Since the color reactions ... Specific gravity (SG) measured with the reagent strip method correlates well with gravimetric measurement, and, unlike the gravimetric or refractometer methods, does not need to be corrected for glucose or protein. Folin-Wu Method 2. ence end point method (Dimension RxL cholesterol assay). Despite being inexpensive and allowing both quantitative and qualitative information about the diversity of microorganisms present in a sample, these methods are laborious and time-consuming, and results are only observed after several days. Even a small bias will change the number of diseased individuals, so the demands for negligible biases are obvious. The regression equations, correlation coef, the SD of the residuals (Sy/x) values obtained between the, g/L), icteric (bilirubin, 0-80 mg/dL), and turbid (absorbance at, interfering substances. For between-run. 111 (2010) No. Using a mortar and pestle, grind one or two glucose tablets (as needed to provide at least the tablet mass determined in step 2). The end point method showed less bias at decision cut points (-0.8% to 1.3%) than did the kinetic method (-1.1% to 3.6%) but was more affected by interfering substances.The advantages of the end point over the kinetic method are better precision and lower reagent cost. methods have advantages and disadvantages. This homogenous assay is a step forward in streamlining an approach for characterizing and quantitating E3 ligase activity in a rapid and cost effective manner. The method involves two coupled reactions: The increase in absorbance of NADPH at 340 nm is measured as directly proportional to glucose.
Based on the result, the concentration of reducing . All assays were compared favorably with standardized endpoint method. A number of methods with their specific working principle, advantages and disadvantages are present however most The optimal sodium cholate concentration was 3, 5, 15, and 12 mmol/l with the enzyme activities at 200, 100, 100, and 100 U/l for P. fluorescens, C. cylindracea, bovine pancreas, and porcine pancreas, respectively. Sodium mono- H-orthoarsenate, Na HAsO -7H O, (100 mg., 0.5% w./v.)
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